答案
解:(1)a
3-16a=a(a
2-16)=a(a+4)(a-4);
(2)4ab+1-a
2-4b
2=1-(-4ab+a
2+4b
2)=1-(a-2b)
2=(1+a-2b)(1-a+2b);
(3)9(a-b)
2+12(a
2-b
2)+4(a+b)
2=[3(a-b)]
2+2×3(a-b)×2(a+b)+[2(a+b)]
2=[3(a-b)+2(a+b)]
2=(5a-b)
2;
(4)x
2-2xy+y
2+2x-2y+1=(x-y)
2+2(x-y)+1=(x-y+1)
2;
(5)(x
2-2x)
2+2x
2-4x+1=(x
2-2x)
2+2(x
2-2x)+1=(x
2-2x+1)
2=(x-1)
4;
(6)49(x-y)
2-25(x+y)
2=[7(x-y)]
2-[5(x+y)]
2=[7(x-y)+5(x+y)][7(x-y)-5(x+y)]=(12x-2y)(2x-12y)=4(6x-y)(x-6y);
(7)81x
5y
5-16xy=xy(81x
4y
4-16)=xy(9x
2y
2+4)(9x
2y
2-4)=xy(9x
2y
2+4)(3xy+2)(3xy-2);
(8)(x
2-5x)
2-36=(x
2-5x+6)(x
2-5x-6)=(x-2)(x-3)(x-6)(x+1).
解:(1)a
3-16a=a(a
2-16)=a(a+4)(a-4);
(2)4ab+1-a
2-4b
2=1-(-4ab+a
2+4b
2)=1-(a-2b)
2=(1+a-2b)(1-a+2b);
(3)9(a-b)
2+12(a
2-b
2)+4(a+b)
2=[3(a-b)]
2+2×3(a-b)×2(a+b)+[2(a+b)]
2=[3(a-b)+2(a+b)]
2=(5a-b)
2;
(4)x
2-2xy+y
2+2x-2y+1=(x-y)
2+2(x-y)+1=(x-y+1)
2;
(5)(x
2-2x)
2+2x
2-4x+1=(x
2-2x)
2+2(x
2-2x)+1=(x
2-2x+1)
2=(x-1)
4;
(6)49(x-y)
2-25(x+y)
2=[7(x-y)]
2-[5(x+y)]
2=[7(x-y)+5(x+y)][7(x-y)-5(x+y)]=(12x-2y)(2x-12y)=4(6x-y)(x-6y);
(7)81x
5y
5-16xy=xy(81x
4y
4-16)=xy(9x
2y
2+4)(9x
2y
2-4)=xy(9x
2y
2+4)(3xy+2)(3xy-2);
(8)(x
2-5x)
2-36=(x
2-5x+6)(x
2-5x-6)=(x-2)(x-3)(x-6)(x+1).