试题

题目:
计算:
(1)(
1
2
-
5
9
+
7
12
)×(-36);
(2)[2-5×(-
1
2
2]÷(-
1
4
);
(3)1
1
2
×
5
7
-(-
5
7
)×2
1
2
+(-
1
2
)÷1
2
5

(4)-14-[1-(1-0.5×
1
3
)×6].
答案
解:(1)(
1
2
-
5
9
+
7
12
)×(-36)
=
1
2
×(-36)-
5
9
×(-36)+
7
12
×(-36)
=-18+20-21
=-19;

(2)[2-5×(-
1
2
2]÷(-
1
4

=(2-5×
1
4
)×(-4)
=2×(-4)-5×
1
4
×(-4)
=-8+5
=-3;

(3)1
1
2
×
5
7
-(-
5
7
)×2
1
2
+(-
1
2
)÷1
2
5

=1
1
2
×
5
7
-(-
5
7
)×2
1
2
+(-
1
2
)×
5
7

=(1
1
2
+2
1
2
-
1
2
)×
5
7

=
7
2
×
5
7

=2
1
2


(4)-14-[1-(1-0.5×
1
3
)×6]
=-1-[1-(1-
1
6
)×6]
=-1-(1-
5
6
×6)
=-1-(1-5)
=-1+4
=3.
解:(1)(
1
2
-
5
9
+
7
12
)×(-36)
=
1
2
×(-36)-
5
9
×(-36)+
7
12
×(-36)
=-18+20-21
=-19;

(2)[2-5×(-
1
2
2]÷(-
1
4

=(2-5×
1
4
)×(-4)
=2×(-4)-5×
1
4
×(-4)
=-8+5
=-3;

(3)1
1
2
×
5
7
-(-
5
7
)×2
1
2
+(-
1
2
)÷1
2
5

=1
1
2
×
5
7
-(-
5
7
)×2
1
2
+(-
1
2
)×
5
7

=(1
1
2
+2
1
2
-
1
2
)×
5
7

=
7
2
×
5
7

=2
1
2


(4)-14-[1-(1-0.5×
1
3
)×6]
=-1-[1-(1-
1
6
)×6]
=-1-(1-
5
6
×6)
=-1-(1-5)
=-1+4
=3.
考点梳理
有理数的混合运算.
(1)直接运用乘法的分配律计算;
(2)(4)按照有理数混合运算的顺序,先乘方后乘除最后算加减,有括号的先算括号里面的;
(3)先将除法变为乘法,再运用乘法的分配律计算.
本题考查的是有理数的运算能力.注意:
(1)要正确掌握运算顺序,在混合运算中要特别注意运算顺序:先三级,后二级,再一级;有括号的先算括号里面的;同级运算按从左到右的顺序;
(2)去括号法则:--得+,-+得-,++得+,+-得-.
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