试题

题目:
计算题(每小题3分,满分24分,要求写出计算过程.)
①(+8)-(-5)+(-9)-(+13);
(-1
3
5
)+(-3.2)+|-1.8|

0-(-
1
3
)+(-
3
4
)-(-
2
3
)-(+
5
6
)

(-
3
4
+
2
3
-
1
12
)×(-24)

2
3
8
-[5
2
9
-(-7
3
8
)]-1
7
9

5
13
×(-9)+
5
13
×(-11)+
5
13
×(+10)

-0.85×
8
17
+14×
2
7
-(14×
3
7
-0.85×
8
17
)

|
4
7
-
2
5
|-|
2
5
-
7
9
|+|
2
9
-
4
7
|

答案
解:①原式=8+5-9-13
=-9;
②原式=-
8
5
-3.2+1.8
=-1.6-3.2+1.8
=-3;
③原式=
1
3
-
3
4
+
2
3
-
5
6

=(
1
3
+
2
3
)-(
3
4
+
5
6

=1-
19
12

=-
7
12


④原式=(-
3
4
)×(-24)+
2
3
×(-24)-
1
12
×(-24)
=18-16+2
=4;

⑤原式=
19
8
-
47
9
+
59
8
-
16
9

=(
19
8
+
59
8
)-(
47
9
+
16
9

=
78
8
-7
=
11
4


⑥原式=
5
13
×[-9-11+10]
=
5
13
×(-10)
-
50
13


⑦原式=-0.85×
8
17
+4-6+0.85×
8
17

=-2;

⑧原式=
4
7
-
2
5
-(
7
9
-
2
5
)+(
4
7
-
2
9

=
4
7
-
2
5
-
7
9
+
2
5
+
4
7
-
2
9

=(
4
7
+
4
7
)-(
7
9
+
2
9

=
8
7
-1
=
1
7

解:①原式=8+5-9-13
=-9;
②原式=-
8
5
-3.2+1.8
=-1.6-3.2+1.8
=-3;
③原式=
1
3
-
3
4
+
2
3
-
5
6

=(
1
3
+
2
3
)-(
3
4
+
5
6

=1-
19
12

=-
7
12


④原式=(-
3
4
)×(-24)+
2
3
×(-24)-
1
12
×(-24)
=18-16+2
=4;

⑤原式=
19
8
-
47
9
+
59
8
-
16
9

=(
19
8
+
59
8
)-(
47
9
+
16
9

=
78
8
-7
=
11
4


⑥原式=
5
13
×[-9-11+10]
=
5
13
×(-10)
-
50
13


⑦原式=-0.85×
8
17
+4-6+0.85×
8
17

=-2;

⑧原式=
4
7
-
2
5
-(
7
9
-
2
5
)+(
4
7
-
2
9

=
4
7
-
2
5
-
7
9
+
2
5
+
4
7
-
2
9

=(
4
7
+
4
7
)-(
7
9
+
2
9

=
8
7
-1
=
1
7
考点梳理
有理数的混合运算.
①先去括号,再按照有理数混合运算的顺序从左到右依次计算即可;
②先去括号、去绝对值符号、再按从左到右的顺序进行计算即可;
③先把分母相同的分数相加减,再把结果相加减即可;
④先把括号中的每一项分别同-24相乘,再把结果相加减即可;
⑤先把带分数化为假分数,再把分母相同的数相加减,最后把所得结果相加减;
⑥先提取公因式,再进行计算;
⑦先去括号,再按照有理数混合运算的法则进行计算;
⑧先去绝对值符号,再把分母相同的分数相加减,最后把结果相加减.
本题考查的是有理数的混合运算,在解答此类题目时要注意各种运算律的灵活应用.
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