试题

题目:
计算:
(1)(-49)-(+91)-(-5)+(-9)
(2)-12-(1-0.5)×
1
3
×[19-(-5)2]

(3)5-3×{-2+4×[-3×(-2)2-(-4)÷(-1)3]-7}
(4)(3a2-2)+(a2-3a)-(-2a2+5a+5)
(5)5a2-〔a2+(5a2-2a)-2(a2-3a)〕.
答案
解:(1)原式=-49-91+5-9
=-144; 

(2)原式=-1-
1
2
×
1
3
×[19-25]
=-1-
1
2
×
1
3
×[-6]
=-1+1
=0;        

(3)原式=5-3×{-2+4×[-3×4-(-4)÷(-1)]-7}
=5-3×{-2+4×[-12-4]-7}
=5-3×{-2+4×[-16]-7}
=5-3×{-2-64-7}
=5-3×{-66-7}
=5-3×{-73}
=5+219
=224;

(4)原式=3a2-2+a2-3a+2a2-5a-5
=6a2-8a-7;

(5)原式=5a2-[a2+5a2-2a-2a2+6a]
=5a2-[4a2+4a]
=5a2-4a2-4a
=a2-4a.
解:(1)原式=-49-91+5-9
=-144; 

(2)原式=-1-
1
2
×
1
3
×[19-25]
=-1-
1
2
×
1
3
×[-6]
=-1+1
=0;        

(3)原式=5-3×{-2+4×[-3×4-(-4)÷(-1)]-7}
=5-3×{-2+4×[-12-4]-7}
=5-3×{-2+4×[-16]-7}
=5-3×{-2-64-7}
=5-3×{-66-7}
=5-3×{-73}
=5+219
=224;

(4)原式=3a2-2+a2-3a+2a2-5a-5
=6a2-8a-7;

(5)原式=5a2-[a2+5a2-2a-2a2+6a]
=5a2-[4a2+4a]
=5a2-4a2-4a
=a2-4a.
考点梳理
整式的加减;有理数的混合运算.
(1)先将减法转化为加法,再根据加法法则计算即可;
(2)根据有理数混合运算的顺序,先算乘方,再算乘除,最后算加减;有括号,要先做括号内的运算;
(3)根据有理数混合运算的顺序,先算乘方,再算乘除,最后算加减;有括号,要先做括号内的运算;
(4)先去括号,再合并同类项;
(5)先去小括号,再去中括号,最后合并同类项.
本题考查了有理数混合运算及整式的加减,解决此类题目的关键是熟记有理数混合运算的法则,去括号法则,这是各地中考的常考点.
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