试题

题目:
计算下列各题:
(1)(-5)+(-2)+(+9)-(-8);
(2)-15+(+3)-(-15)+(+7)-(+2)+(-8);
(3)0.85+(+0.75)-(+2
3
4
)+(-1.85)+(+3)

(4)2-[(-5
2
3
)-(-
1
3
)]

(5)1-(-
1
2
)+(-
1
3
)-
3
4

(6)|5
1
11
-3
4
17
|+4
4
17
-
1
11

答案
解:(1)(-5)+(-2)+(+9)-(-8)
=-5-2+9+8
=-7+17
=10;

(2)-15+(+3)-(-15)+(+7)-(+2)+(-8)
=-15+3+15+7-2-8
=-15+15+3+7-2-8
=0+10-10
=0;

(3)0.85+(+0.75)-(+2
3
4
)+(-1.85)+(+3)

=0.85+0.75-2
3
4
-1.85+3
=0.85+0.75-2.75-1.85+3
=0.85-1.85+0.75-2.75+3
=-1-2+3
=0;

(4)2-[(-5
2
3
)-(-
1
3
)]

=2-(-5
2
3
+
1
3

=2+5
2
3
-
1
3

=7
2
3
-
1
3

=7
1
3


(5)1-(-
1
2
)+(-
1
3
)-
3
4

=1+
1
2
-
1
3
-
3
4

=1+
6
12
-
4
12
-
9
12

=1-
7
12

=
5
12


(6)|5
1
11
-3
4
17
|+4
4
17
-
1
11

=5
1
11
-3
4
17
+4
4
17
-
1
11

=5
1
11
-
1
11
+4
4
17
-3
4
17

=5+1
=6.
解:(1)(-5)+(-2)+(+9)-(-8)
=-5-2+9+8
=-7+17
=10;

(2)-15+(+3)-(-15)+(+7)-(+2)+(-8)
=-15+3+15+7-2-8
=-15+15+3+7-2-8
=0+10-10
=0;

(3)0.85+(+0.75)-(+2
3
4
)+(-1.85)+(+3)

=0.85+0.75-2
3
4
-1.85+3
=0.85+0.75-2.75-1.85+3
=0.85-1.85+0.75-2.75+3
=-1-2+3
=0;

(4)2-[(-5
2
3
)-(-
1
3
)]

=2-(-5
2
3
+
1
3

=2+5
2
3
-
1
3

=7
2
3
-
1
3

=7
1
3


(5)1-(-
1
2
)+(-
1
3
)-
3
4

=1+
1
2
-
1
3
-
3
4

=1+
6
12
-
4
12
-
9
12

=1-
7
12

=
5
12


(6)|5
1
11
-3
4
17
|+4
4
17
-
1
11

=5
1
11
-3
4
17
+4
4
17
-
1
11

=5
1
11
-
1
11
+4
4
17
-3
4
17

=5+1
=6.
考点梳理
有理数的加减混合运算.
(1)首先化简,再利用有理数的加法运算法则进行计算;
(2)首先化简,再利用加法的交换律把互为相反数结合在一起,然后运用有理数的加法运算法则进行计算;
(3)首先化简,再运用加法交换律、结合律简便运算;
(4)首先化简,再通分,把异分母分数加减转化为同分母分数加减;
(6)首先去掉绝对值号,然后运用加法交换结合律把分母相同的分数结合在一起,进行简便计算.
在进行有理数的加减混合运算时,第一步是运用减法法则将减法转化成加法;第二步根据加法法则进行计算;计算过程中能使用运算律简便运算的尽量使用运算律简便运算.
计算题.
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