答案
解:只闭合开关S时,等效电路图如图1所示;只闭合开关S、S
1时,等效电路图如图2所示;只闭合开关S、S
2时,等效电路图如图3所示;所有开关都闭合时,等效电路图如图4所示;
(1)
=
:
=
=
,
=
:(
+
)=
()2×
∵
=
,
=
∴
=
-----①.
(2)因为电源电压U保持不变,则:
=
:
=
∵
=
,
∴
=
----②.
由①②联立得:R
1:R
2:R
L=2:3:1
=
:
=
=
=
,
I
1=
I
2=
×0.4A=0.2A.
(3)由图乙可知,I
1=0.2A时,小灯泡L两端的电压U
L=1V,此时灯泡的电阻:R
L=
=
=5Ω;
∵R
1:R
2:R
L=2:3:1,
∴R
1=10Ω,R
2=15Ω,
电源电压U=I
1(R
1+R
L+R
2)=0.2A×(10Ω+5Ω+15Ω)=6V;
因为所有开关都闭合时,小灯泡L正常发光,此时小灯泡L两端电压等于电源电压.
由图乙可知,小灯泡L两端的电压U=6V时,通过小灯泡L的电流I=0.5A,则小灯泡L的额定功率P
L=UI=6V×0.5A=3W.
答:(1)定值电阻R
1与R
2的阻值之比为2:3;
(2)电流表的示数I
1为0.2A;
(3)小灯泡L的额定功率P
L为3W.
解:只闭合开关S时,等效电路图如图1所示;只闭合开关S、S
1时,等效电路图如图2所示;只闭合开关S、S
2时,等效电路图如图3所示;所有开关都闭合时,等效电路图如图4所示;
(1)
=
:
=
=
,
=
:(
+
)=
()2×
∵
=
,
=
∴
=
-----①.
(2)因为电源电压U保持不变,则:
=
:
=
∵
=
,
∴
=
----②.
由①②联立得:R
1:R
2:R
L=2:3:1
=
:
=
=
=
,
I
1=
I
2=
×0.4A=0.2A.
(3)由图乙可知,I
1=0.2A时,小灯泡L两端的电压U
L=1V,此时灯泡的电阻:R
L=
=
=5Ω;
∵R
1:R
2:R
L=2:3:1,
∴R
1=10Ω,R
2=15Ω,
电源电压U=I
1(R
1+R
L+R
2)=0.2A×(10Ω+5Ω+15Ω)=6V;
因为所有开关都闭合时,小灯泡L正常发光,此时小灯泡L两端电压等于电源电压.
由图乙可知,小灯泡L两端的电压U=6V时,通过小灯泡L的电流I=0.5A,则小灯泡L的额定功率P
L=UI=6V×0.5A=3W.
答:(1)定值电阻R
1与R
2的阻值之比为2:3;
(2)电流表的示数I
1为0.2A;
(3)小灯泡L的额定功率P
L为3W.